Exploring the Maras Salt Mines in Peru
Visiting the Maras Salt Mines, or “Salineras de Maras,” is like stepping into a living piece of history. Located in the Urubamba Province of Cusco, Peru, these salt mines sit at an elevation of 3,200 meters (10,500 feet) above sea level. They offer a unique glimpse into ancient salt extraction methods that have been in use since pre-Inca times.
A Historical Overview
The Maras Salt Mines have a rich history that dates back to the Early Horizon period. Archaeological findings in the area, such as Chanapata ceramics, indicate that salt extraction has been a significant activity here for centuries. The Inca Empire recognized the value of these salt ponds and integrated them into their economy, allowing local families to manage the ponds—a tradition that continues today.
In the 16th century, the mines were owned by descendants of the Inca nobility. However, ownership shifted over the centuries, with the Peruvian state taking control in 1969. By 1980, local communities regained control through the establishment of Marasal S.A., a company owned by residents of Maras and Pichingoto. Today, around 400 families own and manage the salt wells.
Visiting the Salt Mines
Located about an hour from Cusco, the Maras Salt Mines are easily accessible and can be a fascinating addition to your itinerary, especially if you’re planning to visit Machu Picchu. The site consists of over 3,000 ponds, all interconnected through an impressive network of saltwater canals. The best way to experience the mines is by joining a guided tour, which often includes a visit to the nearby Moray ruins.
Getting There
There are several ways to reach the Maras Salt Mines from Cusco:
- Guided Tour: Most tours pick you up directly from your hotel in a private minivan and often include a visit to the Moray ruins. This is a convenient option for those who prefer a structured experience.
- Local Transport: For a more independent adventure, take a colectivo (shared taxi) to Urubamba and inform the driver you’ll be getting off at Maras. From there, a 20-minute taxi ride will take you to the salt mines. Be prepared for potential language barriers.
- Private Taxi: Hiring a private taxi offers flexibility but can be more expensive. The driver will wait for you while you explore the site.
Best Time to Visit
The ideal time to visit the Maras Salt Mines is during the dry season, from May to September. During this period, the weather is mild, and the skies are clear, providing perfect conditions for photography and exploration. Keep in mind that the salt ponds are operational year-round, so check for any temporary closures before your visit.
Exploring the Salt Ponds
As you wander through the terraced pools, you’ll witness the traditional salt extraction process that has remained unchanged for centuries. Each pond measures roughly 14 square feet and varies in shape. When filled with saltwater, the ponds are left to evaporate, leaving behind crystallized salt, which is then harvested by local families using shovels and wooden rakes.
Engage with local workers who are often willing to share their knowledge and experiences. Their insights into the traditional methods of salt mining add depth to your visit.
Practical Tips
- Wear comfortable walking shoes as the terrain can be uneven.
- Apply sunscreen and wear a hat to protect yourself from the strong Andean sun.
- Bring a refillable water bottle to stay hydrated.
- Respect the signs and barriers set up by the workers to ensure your safety.
Local Transportation Options
For those looking to explore beyond the salt mines, consider renting a bicycle or scooter from Maras town. This allows you to discover the surrounding areas at your own pace. Alternatively, guided tours often provide transportation and valuable insights into the region’s history and culture.
