Exploring Matera, Italy
Discovering Matera
Matera, located in the Basilicata region of southern Italy, is a city with a rich history and unique architecture. Known for its ancient cave dwellings, Matera offers a glimpse into the past while providing modern comforts. With a population of around 60,000, it combines the charm of an old city with the vibrancy of contemporary life.
Historical Significance
Matera is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with roots stretching back over 9,000 years to the Paleolithic era. The city is renowned for its “Sassi” districts, which are ancient cave dwellings carved into limestone cliffs. These areas, Sasso Barisano and Sasso Caveoso, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites and offer a fascinating look at early human settlements.
The Sassi Districts
The Sassi are divided into two main areas: Sasso Barisano and Sasso Caveoso. Sasso Barisano, located on the north side of the valley, has been partially developed with modern housing and offices. In contrast, Sasso Caveoso on the south side retains much of its historical character, making it particularly interesting for visitors. Exploring these districts on foot is essential, as the narrow alleys and stairways are not accessible by car.
In recent years, the Sassi have been revitalized, with many cave dwellings transformed into boutique hotels, restaurants, and artisan shops. Staying in a cave hotel offers a unique experience, blending historical ambiance with modern amenities.
Rupestrian Churches
Matera is home to a remarkable collection of rupestrian churches, which are rock-cut places of worship adorned with frescoes and sculptures. Notable among these is the Crypt of the Original Sin, featuring a stunning fresco that depicts the original sin. Another significant site is the Church of Santa Maria de Idris, located in Sasso Caveoso, offering panoramic views of the city and countryside.
When to Visit
The best times to visit Matera are during the spring and fall. The weather is mild, and the city is less crowded, allowing for a more relaxed exploration. Summers can be hot, with temperatures exceeding 30°C (86°F), while winters can be chilly, occasionally dropping below freezing. If visiting in summer, be prepared for the heat and stay hydrated.
Getting to Matera
By Air
The nearest major airport is Bari Karol Wojtyła Airport, about 65 kilometers (40 miles) from Matera. From the airport, you can take a direct bus to Matera, which takes approximately 1 hour and 15 minutes. Alternatively, renting a car allows you to enjoy the scenic drive through the Italian countryside.
By Train
Matera is accessible by train from Bari via the Ferrovie Appulo Lucane (FAL) line. The journey takes about 1 hour and 30 minutes, with frequent departures during the day. Note that FAL trains do not operate on Sundays and do not accept rail passes. Tickets cost around €5 each way and must be stamped before boarding.
Getting Around Matera
Once in Matera, the best way to explore is on foot. The historic center is pedestrian-friendly, though it requires comfortable walking shoes due to uneven surfaces and many steps. For longer distances, local buses are available, with the “Linea Sassi” buses providing access to the Sassi districts every 30 minutes.
Key Points
- Matera is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities, with a history spanning over 9,000 years.
- The Sassi districts, featuring ancient cave dwellings, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
- Matera’s rupestrian churches offer a glimpse into the city’s rich religious history.
- Spring and fall are the ideal seasons to visit, offering pleasant weather and fewer crowds.
- Bari Karol Wojtyła Airport is the closest major airport, with direct bus connections to Matera.
- The city is best explored on foot, though local buses are available for longer journeys.
