About Siwa Oasis
Siwa Oasis is located in a depression in the Sahara Desert, approximately 750 kilometers from Cairo by road. It lies at or slightly below sea level, about 300 kilometers from the Mediterranean coast at Marsa Matruh. This unique geographical setting connects it to a vast aquifer containing ancient “fossil water,” which is crucial for the oasis’s survival. However, much of the water is salty, limiting agricultural use and making the area dependent on deep wells for fresh water. The local ecosystem supports wildlife, including migratory birds, but the development is constrained by water scarcity.
Siwa is home to a Berber community, and the primary language spoken is Siwi, a Berber language. Egyptian Arabic is also widely spoken, and many locals understand some English. The oasis has a rich history, with archaeological sites like the Temple of the Oracle, where Alexander the Great famously sought divine guidance.
Getting to Siwa Oasis
Reaching Siwa Oasis requires a bit of planning. There are no direct flights, so the journey involves a long road trip. The most common route is from Cairo, traveling west to Marsa Matruh, and then heading 300 kilometers southwest across the desert to Siwa. This road is paved, but travelers should be cautious of blowing sand and the lack of filling stations. Alternatively, you can travel from Alexandria via the coastal road to Marsa Matruh. The other route through Bahariyya Oasis is currently closed to foreigners.
Buses run nightly from Cairo, taking about 12 hours, while a taxi from Marsa Matruh might cost around LE1,000. The bus can be cold in winter, so dress accordingly.
Exploring Siwa Oasis
Palm Groves and Natural Springs
Siwa’s lush palm groves and natural springs offer a refreshing contrast to the surrounding desert. These areas are perfect for leisurely walks and provide a cool respite from the heat. The springs, fed by the ancient aquifer, are ideal for a refreshing dip.
The Great Sand Sea
The Great Sand Sea, a vast expanse of dunes, is a short distance from Siwa. It’s a playground for adventure enthusiasts, offering activities like sandboarding and dune bashing. The sheer scale of the dunes is awe-inspiring and provides a unique desert experience.
Best Time to Visit Siwa Oasis
The ideal time to visit Siwa is between October and April when temperatures are more moderate. Summers can be extremely hot, reaching near 40°C, while winters can drop to around 5°C. Regardless of the season, it’s essential to stay hydrated and protect yourself from the sun.
Local Transportation in Siwa Oasis
Getting around Siwa is best done by bicycle or donkey cart. Bicycles are affordable and allow you to explore at your own pace. Donkey carts, often driven by local children, offer a traditional mode of transport. Prices are negotiable, so agree on a fare before setting off. Taxis and car rentals are also available for those seeking more independence.
Notable Sites in Siwa Oasis
- Shali: The original town of Siwa, founded in the 13th century. Explore its narrow alleys and climb the hill for views of Graeco-Roman rock tombs.
- Temple of the Oracle: Located on the Hill of Aghurmi, this temple dates back to around 570 BCE. It was here that Alexander the Great sought confirmation of his divine lineage.
- King Farooq Mosque and Tomb of Sidi Suleiman: These sites offer a glimpse into the religious and cultural history of the oasis.
Siwa Oasis is a destination that combines natural beauty with a rich cultural heritage. While its remote location and limited resources pose challenges, the experience of visiting this unique oasis is rewarding for those willing to make the journey.
